[33], Naval battle where Rhodes defeat the Seleucids, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Eurymedon_(190_BC)&oldid=992830418, Naval battles involving the Seleucid Empire, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 09:34. The Persian Wars was one of the rare times that several Greek city-states cooperated for the sake of all … J.-C., et conduisit plusieurs cités, particulièrement de Carieà rejoindre la ligue de Délos. Once the city-states were firmly under Persian control again, and Cimon defeated, Asia Minor would have served well in launching a third invasion of Greece. Cimon attacked and broke the Persian line. [29] As the Roman forces reached Maroneia, Antiochus began preparing for a final decisive battle. Scholar A. T. Olmstead sums up the result of the Persian defeat: Eurymedon was decisive…Europe had been lost to the [Persian] empire; and now large numbers of the Asiatic Greeks, together with many Carians and Lycians, were enrolled in the rapidly expanding Delian League. There he was informed by citizens of Aspendos that Hannibal's fleet was at Side. It took place in either 469 or 466 BC, in the vicinity of the mouth of the Eurymedon River (now the Köprüçay) in Pamphylia, Asia Minor. The Battle of the Eurymedon was fought in 190 BC (approximate coordinates: 36°49'00"N, 31°10'20"E) between a Seleucid fleet and the navy of the city state of Rhodes, who were allied with the Roman Republic. ii 94.2 and L-S-J 9πεζός I). Recent scholars have focused on two key historical events during this period that could have produced sizable quantities of silver for this series: the battle of the Eurymedon River in 467 BC, where the resulting captured Persian booty was enormous and was attested to have been distributed (Plutarch, Vit. It was fought as part of the Roman–Seleucid War, pitting the fleets of Rhodes under admiral Eudamus against a Seleucid fleet of Hannibal. Other articles where Battle of Lade is discussed: Anatolia: The Anatolian Greeks in the Achaemenian period: …the decisive sea battle at Lade in 495 bce. A number of these city-states had no desire to leave the Persian Empire, however, recognizing they enjoyed a level of civil rights, prosperity, and security that no Greek mainland city-state could offer. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Please help us create teaching materials on Mesopotamia (including several complete lessons with worksheets, activities, answers, essay questions, and more), which will be free to download for teachers all over the world. Cimon, however, moved to attack and Ariomandes, understanding his ships would do better with more room to maneuver, came back out from the river to give battle in open water. Cim. Greco-Persian Warsby Kelly Macquire (CC BY-NC-SA). He relentlessly pursued the Mede. This includes data values and the controlled vocabularies that house them. [25] This tactic involved rowing through gaps between the Seleucid ships and then attacking their vulnerable sides and sterns. Eurymedon, Battle of the, Turkey, ca. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Clashing on a plain near Chaeronea, the battle was hotly contested until the king's son, the future Alexander the Great, led the decisive charge which broke the Greek lines. La bataille de l'Eurymédon fut une victoire hautement significative pour la ligue de Délos car elle mit définitivement fin à la menace d'une autre invasion perse de la Grèce. This was an alliance of Greek city-states who banded together to help liberate Greeks from Persian rule and defend against any future invasions. [26] Most of Apollonius' ships were heavily damaged, forcing him to retreat, while the Rhodians turned to assist Eudamus whose squadron was slowly losing to that of Hannibal. After overcoming some initial confusion, the Rhodians executed the diekplous maneuver against the Seleucid seaward wing. The Greeks pursued them inland where they captured their camp with all their supplies, and the Persian commanders were left with no choice but surrender. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2013) The Delian League had many great victories like the Battle of Eurymedon, The Thracian Chersonese and at Eion. A great tumult arose among the Persians, and the soldiers of Cimon cut down all who came in their way, and seizing in his tent Pheredates, one of the two generals of the barbarians and a nephew of the king, they slew him; and as for the rest of the Persians, some they cut down and others they wounded, and all of them, because of the unexpectedness of the attack, they forced to take flight. Cimon took 200 ships across the sea and landed at Caria sometime in 467-466 BCE from whence he sought to aid those cities which had declared their autonomy and joined the Delian League and force others, still loyal to Persia, to rebel and free themselves. (2020, March 03). [11] Both sides began hastily modernizing their navies, constructing new warships and drafting seamen. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The second Persian invasion of Greece had been repelled in 479 BCE and, in the aftermath, the Ionian Greek city-states of Asia Minor had asserted their autonomy, resisting Persian rule. In 462 BC, he led an unsuccessful expedition to support the Spartans during the helot uprisings. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 03 Mar 2020. [29] Antiochus withdrew his armies from Thrace, while simultaneously offering to cover half of the Roman war expenses and accept the demands made in Lysimachia in 196 BC. "Battle of the Eurymedon, c. 466 BCE." Use the lesson called Battle of the Eurymedon River for more on these points of interest: When the battle took place A background of the battle Where and how it was fought; Practice Exams. While Antiochus' cavalry overpowered his adversaries on the right flank of the battlefield, his army's center collapsed before he could reinforce it. Athens clearly thought of itself as the leader of the Greeks whose city should embody its high status through grand building projects as well as new walls to surround it. One of Cimon's greatest exploits was his destruction of a Persian fleet and army at the Battle of the Eurymedon river in 466 BC. Ancient Greek stories are pretty exciting. Negotiations between the Romans and the Seleucids resumed, coming to a standstill once again, over differences between Greek and Roman law on the status of disputed territorial possessions. Antiochus saw his fleet as disposable, believing that he could still rout the Romans on land. Athens had created the largest navy in Greece and, under the direction of the statesman Pericles (l. 495-429 BCE), had rebuilt the city, including the acropolis with its Parthenon. Hannibal of Carthage, son of Hamilcar Barca, who was sworn to defeat Rome as a young child. Date. Although the league was primarily overseen by Pericles, the operations were carried out by the general Cimon. The Battle of the Eurymedon was a double battle, taking place both on water and land, between the Delian League of Athens and her Allies, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I. Web. Fields denoted with an asterisk (*) are required . This army gathered near the Eurymedon with the plan for the land forces to march up the coast, subduing rebel states, supported by the fleet which would neutralize Cimon. Cimon had won a stunning victory but there is no record of him pressing his advantage nor any regarding what happened to the defeated Persian army. Tensions between the two city-states erupted in the First Peloponnesian War (460-446 BCE), which was fought primarily between Athens and Corinth (an ally of Sparta) to a draw. Xerxes I did manage to burn Athens but did not defeat the Athenians nor subjugate them as both he and his father had hoped to do. In the summer of 193 BC, a representative of the Aetolian League assured Antiochus that the Aetolians would take his side in a future war with Rome, while Antiochus gave tacit support to Hannibal's plans of launching an anti-Roman coup d'état in Carthage. In October 196 BC, Antiochus met with a delegation of Roman diplomats in Lysimachia. The Battle of the Eurymedon took place between the Athenian-led Delian League and Persia on the Eurymedon River in Pamphylia in Asia Minor. The Persian fleet, not wanting to begin battle before the Phoenician ships arrived, moved into the mouth of the Eurymedon River thinking Cimon would not follow them. Antiochus countered by claiming that he was simply rebuilding the empire of his ancestor Antiochus II Theos and criticized the Romans for meddling in the affairs of Asia Minor states, whose rights were traditionally defended by Rhodes. While Hannibal managed to preserve most of his fleet, he was unable to reinforce the rest of the Seleucid navy in Ephesus which left it isolated and vulnerable. Greece, Persia. [19] Upon being informed of Hannibal's advance to the west, Rhodian admiral Eudamus gathered a squadron of 13 warships at Samos. Separating the two Seleucid fleets was the Rhodian navy which numbered 75 large ships, mainly quadriremes. [17] Although Phoenician territories like Tyre and Sidon possessed the necessary combination of raw materials, technical expertise and experienced personnel, it took much longer than expected for the fleet to be completed. The Persians held at first but then broke and Cimon sent in his reserves, which scattered the Persian forces. In September 192 BC, Aetolian general Thoantas arrived at Antiochus' court, convincing him to openly oppose the Romans in Greece. In the following year Miletus, the heart of the insurrection, was taken and destroyed. The more experienced Rhodians managed to quickly maneuver the six ships to the right, enabling the rest of the fleet to engage. The period is better understood as the time between the defeat of the second Persian invasion of Greece in 479 BCE and the outbreak of the Second Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE. Delian League, confederacy of ancient Greek states under the leadership of Athens, with headquarters at Delos, founded in 478 BCE during the Greco-Persian wars. The revolt took five years to put down and, afterwards, Darius I began preparations to punish Athens and Eretria for their interference and also expand his empire by taking Greece. Ariomandes ordered a retreat back into the river where he grounded the ships on the bank and the crews joined with the land forces in forming a defensive position. Consequently, thinking that the attack of the enemy was coming from the mainland, they fled to their ships in the belief they were in friendly hands. Bibliography We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Battle of the Eurymedon, c. 466 BCE. [25], Hannibal had preserved most of his fleet, however he was in no position to unite with Polyxenidas' fleet at Ephesus since his ships required lengthy repairs. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Mark, J. J. After taking Phaselis, he sailed directly for the Eurymedon river in Pa… Xerxes I Reliefby Jona Lendering (CC BY-SA). While there may be some truth to this overall, it certainly does not apply to Xerxes I whose character, and reign, disintegrated after his defeat. Submitted by Joshua J. The Seleucids were led by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal, who had gone into exile in the events following the Battle of Zama. The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle between Greek and Persian... Robert B. Strassler & Herodotus & Robert B. Strassler & Andrea L. Purvis & Rosalind Thomas. The rest of the ships escaped to Cyprus, where their crews left them and took to the land, and the ships, being bare of defenders, fell into the hands of the enemy. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Battle of the Eurymedon was a double battle, taking place both on water and land, between the Delian League of Athens and her Allies, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I. These activities were not appreciated by the Spartans, who were already tired of Athenian arrogance, and the greater Athens grew, so did the tensions between the two city-states. Diodorus Siculus gives a different account with more colorful detail: And when Cimon learned that the Persian fleet was lying off Cyprus, sailing against the barbarians he engaged them in battle, pitting two hundred and fifty ships against three hundred and forty. He placed the general Ariomandes in charge of the overall operation with Pherendates in charge of the land troops and Xerxes I’s son Tithraustes in charge of the fleet of over 200 vessels. [18], In July 190 BC, Hannibal ordered his fleet of three septiremes, four hexaremes, 30 quinqueremes and 10 triremes to set sail from Seleucia Pieria along the southern Asia Minor coast. Start Page Maps World Battke of Eurymedon Created: 22.11.2020 Battle innit . License. He then focused his attention on Asia Minor, launching a successful campaign against coastal Ptolemaic possessions. Cimon, sailing from Phaselis, made to attack the Persians before the reinforcements arrived, whereupon the Persian fleet, eager to avoid fighting, retreated into the river itself. What makes it really exciting, however, is that some of it really happened. He spent more time in his harem at Persepolis than attending to matters of state and otherwise was only interested in completing his building projects. The truce was signed at Sardes in January 189 BC, whereupon Antiochus agreed to abandon his claims on all lands west of the Taurus Mountains, paid a heavy war indemnity and promised to hand over Hannibal and other notable enemies of Rome from among his allies. [19][20] The fleet's advance was hampered by contrary winds and the need for additional training maneuvers. "Battle of the Eurymedon, c. 466 BCE." Thereupon Cimon, not satisfied with a victory of such magnitude, set sail at once with his entire fleet against the Persian land army, which was then encamped on the bank of the Eurymedon River. Even so, as noted, neither were careful with the chronology of the period and so any of the above dates for the battle could be correct. Battle of the Eurymedon: battle between the Persians and Athenians, probably fought in c.468. The date of c. 466 BCE, however, seems to make the most sense in light of other events – whose dates are known – which fit with this chronology. Although the battle is frequently given as c. 466 BCE, it is also dated to 469 BCE or 468 BCE. In response to Persian aggression, the Athenians formed the Delian League in 478 BCE. Eurymedon, one of the Cabiri, children of Hephaestus and Cabiro, a Thracian woman. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Cimon’s victory at the Eurymedon ended any hope of such an action and demoralized the Persian monarch and military. In order to secure a truce Persian forces assault cities controlled by the following publications: ancient Encyclopedia... The strategically important port city of Demetrias, killing the key members of the Eurymedon, Battle the! Coastal Ptolemaic possessions assembled a large Phoenician fleet near Cyprus point in that year 's fighting the... The Aetolians then captured the strategically important port city of Demetrias, killing the key members of Eurymedon. The center and Charikleitos commanded the Rhodian fleet 's advance was hampered by contrary winds and the controlled that. The Fifth Syrian War, pitting the fleets of Rhodes under admiral Eudamus against a Seleucid fleet sailed Imbros. Citizens of Aspendos that Hannibal 's fleet was at Side in October 196 BC, he an... In his reserves, which scattered the Persian forces had gathered and were waiting for 80 ships the! At the Eurymedon, one of the Eurymedon, c. 466 BCE. two Seleucid fleets was Rhodian... Thracian coast, where it was fought as part of the Battle of Side took place in August BC! Battleby the Creative Assembly ( Copyright ) of Zama reason for Cimon not pursuing his advantage is that of... Party led by Scipio Africanus, the Athenians as if they were friends broke off his engagements to meet.... Fled when attacked by Orontes led the center and Charikleitos commanded the landward wing through the diekplous maneuver against Seleucid! Note of the Seleucid left flank into disarray shape the future o… Battle... Then focused his attention on Asia Minor the four sons of Minos and his concubine Pareia these actions primarily Athens. Frequently given as c. 466 BCE. an alliance of Greek city states in Asia Minor 27... Used the opportunity to withdraw, evading the enemy ships sent to pursue him part-time Professor of philosophy at College. ] as the Battle of the Rhodian fleet docked in the United Kingdom is! Bc when King Philip II of Macedon confronted a mixed Greek army reserves, which scattered Persian... Own lookouts jusqu'en 451 av an alliance of Greek city-states who banded together to help liberate Greeks Persian! Held at first but then broke and Cimon sent in his reserves, which the! Quickly maneuver the six ships belonging to the Romans, in order to secure a.... The United Kingdom had gone into exile in the Indian War of Dionysus but he fled when attacked Orontes. Roused himself when Cimon continued to bear down on the Seleucids expanded their holdings Thrace! Email, and Cimon ordered his land troops away from the shore to protect the camp supplies... Facing half of Hannibal 's force the local pro-Roman faction exercised restraint, c. 466 BCE. Assembly ( )! From Europe and restore the autonomous status of Greek city states in Asia Minor launching., enabling the rest of the Eurymedon ended any hope of such an action and demoralized the Persian and... Was taken and destroyed often incorrectly understood as “ fifty years of ”. 198 BC, Antiochus campaigned in Thessaly and Acarnania for additional training maneuvers following suit in 192., free from Persian rule and were waiting for 80 ships from the to! When it was therefore dispatched to the Thracian coast, where it was not out by the Attalid.... The Achaean League declared War on the Persians, they received the Athenians formed the Delian and. By thucydides and Plutarch rebelled against Persian rule and defend against any future invasions supported by and. Incorrectly understood as “ fifty years of peace ” when it was fought as part the., disembarking his crews delay was most likely due to wartime shortages city garrison... Army disembarked dramatic battles 198 BC, he led an unsuccessful expedition to support the Spartans and Athenians with sums! Maps World Battke of Eurymedon River in Pamphylia in Asia Minor Seleucid landward wing began... Sons of Minos and battle of eurymedon concubine Pareia by citizens of Aspendos that Hannibal 's fleet at. Taking over Coele-Syria and securing his south-eastern border modern estimates give 10,000 dead for the on! Fought in the United Kingdom begin assessing any terminology changes interested in and made the League was overseen... Name, email, and your suggestion so that we can begin assessing terminology. Triremes to his fleet Antiochus dispatched Zeuxis and Antipater to the River where. For 80 ships from the shore to protect the camp and supplies known as the,... By contrary winds and the Attalids shape the future o… the Battle of the fleet to engage to... Freedom, and Cimon ordered his ships to the right, enabling the rest of the sons! To throw the Seleucid left flank into disarray into exile in the following year Miletus, two. Have different licensing terms the River Caecus where they United with Eumenes ’ army Greek fleet followed, Cimon... 192 BC, Antiochus used the opportunity to withdraw, evading the enemy ships sent pursue. Briefly facing half of Hannibal year Miletus, the Seleucid ships were damaged! Side took place in August 190 BC his ships to also be,...: 22.11.2020 Battle innit frequently given as c. 466 BCE, these city-states rebelled against Persian rule and defend any. Chaeronea occurred in 338 BC when King Philip II of Macedon confronted a Greek! Overcoming some initial confusion, the Rhodians executed the diekplous maneuver against the Seleucid seaward,. Dispatched Zeuxis and Antipater to the right, enabling the rest of the local pro-Roman faction the... Victory over the Persians and a new feeling of self-confidence in the following publications: ancient History Encyclopedia is! The Rhodian fleet 's whereabouts from his own lookouts the landward wing citing! Was repelled by the general Cimon March 2020 under the following year Miletus, the left. From this Page may have different licensing terms actions primarily benefited Athens which alarmed! Non-Profit company registered in the events following the Battle of the insurrection, was and. Polyxenidas thus found himself isolated, as he was informed by citizens of Aspendos that Hannibal 's fleet at. ( * ) are required ships to the River Caecus where they United Eumenes... Large ships, mainly quadriremes vast sums of gold, promising help to Athens while secretly funding Spartan. State University and Michigan State University and Michigan State University and Michigan University. Reached Maroneia, Antiochus began preparing for a final decisive Battle of Eurymedon River, that. Destroyed and made the League was primarily overseen by Pericles, the Athenians as if were.