It is also responsible for the construction of municipal facilities such as sports centers, libraries and social service centers.[135]. The city has a Nominal GDP of 9,445 million (USD) and a nominal GDP per capita of US$10,277, which represents a GDP per capita PPP of US$18,610 in the period 2015, being the city with the second-highest economic activity in Peru. Arequipa. The park and its surrounding areas occupy an area of 1008 hectares, Fundo Paraíso. Typically, temperatures neither exceed 25 °C (77 °F) nor drop below 5 °C (41 °F). "Export Investment Guide", p. 26. Latitude of Arequipa, longitude of Arequipa, elevation above sea level of Arequipa. [133] Among the most popular local dishes are chupe de camarones (shrimp soup), ocopa arequipeña, rocoto relleno, cuy chactado (fried guinea pig), locro de pecho, etc. [147], There are 10 buildings that origin were engaged in civic purposes, such as Phoenix theaters. Subject only to the Constitution and the Organic Law, the court has seven judges elected by the Congress with the favorable vote of at least two-thirds of the legal number of members for a period of five years. [91] Since then, two other public television stations began to operate in Arequipa—Radio Television Continental (Channel 6) in 1962 and Compañía de Radiodifusión Arequipa (Channel 8) in 1987 (broadcasting as ATV Sur since 2012). "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 51. [18], Historians debate the origin of the crimson flag of the city. Ruins Detail 8. The climate of the city is predominantly dry in winter, autumn and spring due to low atmospheric humidity and a level of precipitation corresponding to that of a desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification). [137], Later, by the Constitution of 1993, the "Constitutional Court" was created, which, according to its Charter, is based in Arequipa. 1. Located in the eastern part of the city, in Selva Alegre District, next to Chili River. Machu Picchu Blog Arequipa, city, southern Peru, in the Chili River valley of the Andes Mountains. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 66. Arequipa expanded east of the historic center, and new avenues such as Parra Boulevard and Siglo Veinte Avenue were built to connect the historic center with newer neighborhoods, such as Vallecito (developed in the 1940s)[66] or with already existing towns like Yanahuara, which were absorbed by the city's expansion. Ashlar structures always have thick walls: 1 to 1.5 meters for rooms, 2 meters for churches. Other notable writers of Arequipa in that century are Benito Bonifaz, Jorge Polar and María Nieves y Bustamante, among others. The farm Sachaca or the Founder's Mansion, Parque Ecològico Alto Selva Alegre. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [85], Large-scale mining also contributes to the city's economy; as is the case of Cerro Verde,[86] a mining site established in 1993 near the Arequipa valley. Arequipa has diversified industries and is a major processing centre for alpaca, llama, and sheep’s wool. [23], On 15 August 1540, Spanish lieutenant Garcí Manuel de Carbajal named the cluster of Native American villages in the area "Villa de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa. The elevation map of Arequipa,Peru is generated using elevation data from NASA's 90m resolution SRTM data. [64], On 15 August 1540, the Spanish plan for Arequipa resembled a checkerboard made of fifty-six blocks, each one of "400 Castilian feet" (111.40 meters) per side. Click on the region name to get the list of its districts, cities and towns. Arequipa (Spaingie pronunciation: ) is the caipital ceety o the Arequipa Region in soothren Peru.Wi a population o 904,931 it is the seicont maist populous ceety o the kintra. [91] The aforementioned university became one of the first in South America to operate a public TV station from inside its campus. [37], On 13 January 1835, President Luis José de Orbegoso moved his government from Lima to Arequipa by presidential decree. Conquering a volcano is something very empowering, and Central and South America offer a high number of volcanoes per surface area. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 14. Lyrics and music were composed by Emilio Pardo Valle and Aurelio Diaz Espinoza, who won a 1939 contest which the city council organize to dedicate a new anthem. Has an area of 151 hectares, Chilpinilla Metropolitan Park. As the capital of the Arequipa Province, Arequipa is governed by the Provincial Municipality of Arequipa that has jurisdiction over the entire territory of the province. [16] However, another similar tale states that when the first Europeans arrived to the valley, they pointed at the ground and asked for the name of the land. The first private university established in the city was Universidad Catolica Santa Maria, and the establishment of this university was followed by Universidad Católica San Pablo and Universidad San Francisco. On 22 September 1541, the monarch Carlos V ordered that it should be called the "City of Arequipa". Among the oldest and most prestigious schools in the city are Independencia Americana School, San Francisco de Asis School, Don Bosco School, La Salle School and San Jose School. Lands were then distributed among 3,000 families who founded communities such as Yanahuara, Cayma, Tiabaya, Socabaya, and Characato, all of which are districts in Arequipa today. [5] In 2010, Arequipa received a total of 1.395 million visitors according to the Ministry of Commerce and Tourism. Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. Cayma Villa, 3 miles (5 kilometres) from the centre of town. Location: Southern Peru; about 630 miles (1,015 kilometers) south of Lima; Elevation: about 7,600 feet (2316 meters) Attractions nearby: Colca Canyon, Cotahuasi Canyon, El Misti Volcano; Recommended time to acclimatize: 1 day . Two theaters (Municipal and Ateneo), a hotel (Hotel de Turistas), a public library and the campus of San Agustin University were other city developments of the early 20th century. It is the commercial, political, and military centre of southern Peru, easily accessible by air, rail, and highway. Omissions? This volcanic stone, white or pink exceptionally soft, lightweight, and weatherproof, emerged as a seismic structural solution. [60], The mountainous topography surrounding the Chili River valley affects low-pressure fronts and local winds. Place known for its taverns and where there is a beautiful seventeenth-century church. Open from 1912 to 1958, the studio captured more diversity of Peruvian culture than any other photography studio at the time. How long we should stay here to adapt and be best prepared for higher elevation in Cuzco? Sacred Valley 10. Other teams in the city are Sportivo Huracán, FBC Aurora, FBC Piérola, Senati FBC, IDUNSA and the now-defunct Total Clean FBC. Chivay is a town in the Colca valley, capital of the Caylloma province in the Arequipa region, Peru. With a viewpoint which affords a beautiful view of Arequipa. Nightlife 12. In 2014, a metro system was proposed by Peru's then-minister for transport José Gallardo. Housing projects and new neighborhoods were also built, such as Cuarto Centenario and Selva Alegre. National Assembly of Rectors. As the regional capital, the city is home to the Regional Government of Arequipa. The food, the volcanoes, the culture. [114] Many international showings of their works, have brought recognition to the studio and the way of life their images have preserved.[113]. The city would remain under Spanish control until the Battle of Ayacucho (1824), due to struggles for local political power. Arequipa is in the Andean region of Peru and sits at about 7,660 feet of elevation. [60], Solar radiation in Arequipa ranges from 850 to 950 W/m 2 (watts per square meter), one of the highest levels of radiation in South America and the highest recorded in Peru. This proud regionalism, expressed in numerous insurrections or revolutions, has earned the city the nickname "Ciudad Caudillo" (Warlord City). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [50] However, on 25 October 1883, a popular uprising overthrew the government of President Montero, who managed to escape to La Paz. [3], Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru,[4] and is considered as the second industrial city of the country. «Normative Compendium of the Historic Center of Arequipa», p. 63, harv error: no target: CITEREFNeira1990 (, Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. The town maintains close commercial links with Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil and with the cities connected by the South trainway, as well as with the port of Matarani. [48] On 22 April 1883, Montero installed a National Congress[49] which was located at Independence College, also counting military support from a local army[50][51] and important financial support from quotas and taxes coming from the economic elite and the southern agricultural districts. [17], Chroniclers Blas Valera and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega suggested that the name of the city came from an ancient Aymara phrase, "ari qquepan", supposedly meaning "trumpet sound", in reference to the sound produced from blowing into an empty conch-like seashell. Arequipa's serves as an important commercial and industrial hub in the southern Andes, linking the coast to the mountains. The height to remember, however, is 2,500 m (8,000 ft) above sea level — the elevation at which altitude sickness can occur (while possible below this level, it is extremely rare). Music is also an important part of cultural life in Arequipa. Here is the Sabandía mill was built and in operation since the eighteenth century. This tool allows you to look up elevation data by searching address or clicking on a live google map. Businessman Jack Dwyre conducted the broadcast through his new company Televisora Sur Peruana in partnership with San Agustin National University as Channel 2 (now TV UNSA). [120], Association football (or soccer) is the most popular sport in Arequipa, with a popular local team being FBC Melgar of the Peruvian First Division, winning its first national championship in 1981.[127]. Arequipa is also a popular tourist centre, with bathing resorts, hot springs, and Inca remains in the vicinity. With the town of Arequipa sitting at 2,335 meters above sea level, and El Misti another 3,487 meters above that, you will be challenged with the altitude but the reward of beating El Misti, and the view from the summit at 5,822 meters, is unforgettable. [92], Among the newspapers that are printed in the city, El Pueblo is the oldest in Arequipa (published since 1 January 1905) and the second oldest in the country. Later, pre-Inca cultures domesticated llamas and became sedentary with the rise of agriculture. 14 hectares, Carlos Seguin National Hospital (level IV hospital). Take the same precautions as you would in Cusco – stay hydrated, avoid heavy meals or alcohol on your first days at … This page shows the elevation/altitude information of Arequipa, Peru, including elevation map, topographic map, narometric pressure, longitude and latitude. [129] As in the rest of the country, in Arequipa, many traditional music styles like vals criollo (or Peruvian waltz), yaravi (or harawi) and huayno are still performed. In 1940, the city's international airport, Alfredo Rodriguez Ballon, was opened. There, several bus companies offer land travel routes to regional and national destinations within Peru and to international destinations such as La Paz, Santiago de Chile, Mendoza and Buenos Aires. [42] To avoid military conflict, negotiations led to a peace treaty signing in Paucarpata, a small town near Arequipa on 17 November 1837. However, there are contests in schools which promote the writing of poems in the loncco dialect. Ten km to the east, and 1,500 metres above the town of Chivay lies the Chivay obsidian source. [46][47], On 31 August 1882, following the occupation of Lima during the War of the Pacific, President Lizardo Montero Flores arrived in Arequipa and declared it the capital of Peru. Cerro Verde Financial Reports, p. 4. Some of the most detailed photographic records of 19th- and 20th-century Peru are found in the works of the Vargas Brothers Art Studio. [68] The rearrangement and improvement of urban space after the earthquakes also helped cause Arequipa's population to grow twofold in a decade. Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. It is of great strategic importance in the multimodal communication system in the southern macro region, since it is the most effective and economical way to transport heavy loads over long distances. Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. The wet season lasts from December to March and is marked by the presence of clouds in the afternoon and low rainfall. The system consists of the lines Cusco-Puno-Arequipa and Arequipa-Mollendo. National Institute of Statistics and Information. Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. [25] Charles V of Germany and I of Spain gave the town a status of 'city' by Royal Decree on 22 September 1541. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 6. harv error: no target: CITEREFInstituto_Nacional_de_Estadistica1944 (. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 18. "[80], According to a government survey, Arequipa has the largest "workforce" in Peru with 625,547 people, and an economically active population (PEA) which amounts to 376,764 people having an employment rate similar to the national average with an average monthly income of 928 soles. These include the Museum of the cathedral;[115] the Museum of Contemporary Art (Museo de Arte Contemporáneo) which is devoted to painting and photography collections from 1900 onwards, especially works by Peruvian artists like Carlos Vargas, Martín Chambi, Fernando de Szyszlo, Venancio Shinki and many others;[116] the Regional Museum of the Central Reserve Bank (Museo Regional del Banco Central de Reserva) which houses pre-Columbian and colonial art pieces, plus a collection of colonial and republican coins and banknotes;[117] the Santa Maria University Museum of Archaeology and the Andean Sanctuaries Museum (Museo Santuarios Andinos), both belonging to Santa Maria Catholic University, have an important collection of archaeological pieces mainly from local pre-Columbian cultures (especially the latter, which houses Inca mummies);[118][119] the San Agustin University Museum of Archaeology;[120] the Municipal Museum of Arequipa;[121] and others. [161] It is located in the district of Cerro Colorado, about 12 miles (19 kilometres) northwest of the downtown, and because of its features and facilities is considered one of the best in the country[162] There are regular flights to Peruvian destinations such as Lima, Cuzco, Tacna and Juliaca and to international destinations such as Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta, Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires.[162]. The city anthem is Fourth Centenary Anthem. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 65. harv error: no target: CITEREFFergusson (. Airlines: The city of Arequipa offer regular domestic flights and that it is a meeting point for visitors from various parts of the country and the world. [83] The unemployment rate in the Arequipa metropolitan area is 8%,[71] compared to only 5% unemployment in Arequipa city proper. Coordinates: -9.34155 -77.36065 -9.34145 -77.36055 - Minimum elevation: 3,948 m - Maximum elevation: 6,208 m - Average elevation: 5,006 m Santa Fe Peru > Arequipa > Santa Fe By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [21] A Hispanic version of the events, detailed by chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega, which has been described as historically inaccurate,[22] suggests that around 1170 Huayna Capac stopped in the Chili River valley with his army, calling the area Ari qepay which means "Let's stay here." (2005) 60,007. Corrections? [88] Moreover, the city's industrial sector has expanded and other industrial complexes have emerged such as Parque Industrial APIMA (developed for small businesses),[89] Parque Industrial Rio Seco and industrial areas in the Alfonso Ugarte Ave, Uchumayo Road and the northern part of the city. Arequipa, Peru consists of the several second-level administrative divisions. It is also headquarters of several regional offices of the ministries that make up the Civil Government of Peru. Regions of Arequipa. Provincial Municipality of Arequipa. Arequipa, Peru - Travel and vacation weather averages, current conditions and forecasts. Arequipa has produced many of the country’s leading political and cultural figures, including novelist Mario Vargas Llosa. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Arequipa-Peru, UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa, Peru, Arequipa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). This time, the initiative did not succeed due to the high opposition, but later concluded that Arequipa would host the then "Constitutional Court", as stated in Article 304 º of the Constitution of Peru, 1979: "The Constitutional Court is based in the city of Arequipa ". These avenues are connected, in turn, by other avenues such as Avenida Venezuela, Avenida La Marina, Avenida Salaverry, Avenida Cáceres, among others, which almost form a ring around the downtown. Parks and squares cover 26 hectares of urban parks in and around the historic centre; among the most notable areas are: There are 22 hectares of countryside within this historic area.[152]. Getting to Machu Picchu 4. Writers such as Percy Gibson and Alberto Hidalgo as well as politicians like Hector Cornejo Chavez, Mario Polar Ugarteche and Alfonso Montesinos started their careers working for this newspaper.[93]. Under the Inca empire Arequipa was an important point on the route from Cuzco to the seacoast. "Diagnosis of the historic center of Arequipa", p. 40. harv error: no target: CITEREFSan_Cristobal_Sebastian2009 (. [58], A series of volcanic cones dominates the city skyline -- Misti and the extinct volcanic groups Pichu Pichu and Chachani. Arequipa has more than 15 universities, nine of them with headquarters in the city and one of them being public (Universidad Nacional San Agustin). [32], Arequipa's strategic location at the crossroads of the colonial silver trade route and that of the post-independence wool trade route allowed the city to emerge as an administrative, commercial, and industrial hub. It has a central town square and an active market. Sabandía natural valley with most crystalline waters in the region. Arequipa, with Peru’s second largest metropolitan population (after Lima-Callao), has grown nearly fivefold since the 1960s, largely through in-migration from rural areas and from such smaller cities as Puno and Juliaca. [141], The architecture in the historic center is characterized by the prominence of ashlar, the use of which begins in the last third of the 16th-century. The other six are local branches of private and public universities of Peru and Chile. [88] Among the most important companies are Alicorp SAA, Processed Foods SA, Laive, La Iberica, Manuel Muñoz Najar, Bin Pan SA, Consorcio Industrial Arequipa SA, Omniagro, Backus & Johnston, Corporación Aceros Arequipa, Francky and Ricky, Michell & Cia, and IncaTops. Machu Picchu History 11. Mountain breezes typically flow northeast, and valley breezes typically flow southwest. In winter (June and July), the temperature drops to an average of 6 °C (43 °F). In 2007, a total of 70,894 students were enrolled in universities and 56,087 students were enrolled in colleges or technical institutes. [160], Arequipa's only airport is Rodríguez Ballón International Airport, which is operated by a private consortium through a concession granted by the government since 2011. [67], In the late 1950s, the city rapidly grew, especially in peripheral areas. [97] Additionally, important local branches from universities outside the region, such as Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Universidad Tecnologica del Peru, Universidad Los Angeles de Chimbote and Universidad del Mar (Chile) among others, are located in the city. Two institutions of higher education in Arequipa were founded more than a century ago. The name was shortened to Villa Hermosa de Arequipa. [20], When the Inca Mayta Cápac arrived in the valley of the Chili river, he didn't build cities. 4.If you go to high elevation (e.g. Public transit in Arequipa is currently operated by small private companies. The coastal region has moderate temperatures, low precipitation, and high humidity, except for … This tool allows you to look up elevation data by searching address or clicking on a live google map. 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